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Explore Türkiye

A 10,000-Year Story

~7500 BCE
Çatalhöyük, one of the world's earliest known towns, flourishes in central Anatolia — a UNESCO World Heritage Site today.
~1700 BCE
The Hittite Empire rises as a major Anatolian power, rivaling ancient Egypt and pioneering iron smelting.
~1200 BCE
The legendary Trojan War takes place at Troy (Hisarlık) on the northwestern coast, immortalized by Homer.
334 BCE
Alexander the Great sweeps through Anatolia. Greek culture deeply influences the region for centuries.
330 CE
Constantinople (Istanbul) becomes the capital of the Roman Empire under Constantine the Great.
537 CE
The Hagia Sophia is completed — the world's largest cathedral for nearly 1,000 years.
1071
The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert, opening Anatolia to Turkic settlement.
1453
Mehmed II conquers Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and establishing the Ottoman capital.
1923
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founds the Republic of Türkiye on October 29, launching sweeping reforms.
2022
The country officially changes its international name from "Turkey" to "Türkiye" at the United Nations.

Türkiye in Numbers

Population Growth (1927-2024)

From 13.6 million to 85.3 million in less than a century

Tourism Arrivals by Year

Recovery after pandemic, approaching record levels

Regional Climate Variations

Average temperatures across different regions (°C)

Major Export Categories (2023)

Diverse economy from vehicles to textiles

Largest Cities by Population

Urban centers driving economic growth

Literacy Rate Progress

Educational transformation since the Republic

Notable Trends

6.3x
Population Growth
Since the founding of the Republic in 1923
97%
Literacy Rate
Up from just 19% in 1935
50M+
Annual Tourists
World's 6th most visited country
40°C
Temperature Range
From -10°C to 30°C across regions

Culture & Landmarks

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Hagia Sophia

Built in 537 CE, this architectural marvel served as a cathedral, mosque, museum, and mosque again. Its massive dome was an engineering wonder of the ancient world.

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Cappadocia

Famous for its fairy chimneys, underground cities, and hundreds of hot air balloons at dawn. Early Christians carved entire churches and monasteries into the soft rock.

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Pamukkale

"Cotton Castle" — cascading white travertine terraces filled with warm, mineral-rich thermal waters. The ancient city of Hierapolis sits at its summit.

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Ephesus

One of the best-preserved ancient cities in the Mediterranean. Home to the Temple of Artemis — one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

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Whirling Dervishes

The Mevlevi Order, founded by the poet Rumi in Konya, practices the Sema ceremony — a mesmerizing spiritual dance recognized by UNESCO.

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Grand Bazaar

Istanbul's Grand Bazaar is one of the oldest and largest covered markets in the world, with over 4,000 shops across 61 streets since 1461.

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İznik Tiles

The Ottoman art of İznik ceramics produced some of the most stunning decorative tiles in history, adorning mosques and palaces with vivid cobalt, turquoise, and coral red.

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Turkish Hammam

The traditional Turkish bath culture dates back to Roman times. It remains a vital social ritual — a place of cleansing, relaxation, and community.

Turkish Cuisine

Turkish cuisine is among the world's great food traditions — a rich fusion of Central Asian, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean flavors refined over centuries.

Kebab

Far beyond the döner — Adana, İskender, shish, and dozens of regional varieties each tell a different story.

Baklava

Paper-thin layers of filo dough, crushed pistachios, and syrup. Gaziantep's baklava has EU geographical protection.

Meze

An elaborate spread of small dishes — hummus, ezme, dolma, börek — meant for sharing over long, convivial meals.

Turkish Breakfast

A legendary affair: cheeses, olives, tomatoes, eggs, honey, kaymak, simit, jams, and endless glasses of çay.

Çay & Turkish Coffee

Tea is the true national drink, served in tulip-shaped glasses. Turkish coffee, thick and unfiltered, has its own UNESCO heritage.

Lahmacun

Thin, crispy flatbread topped with spiced minced meat, herbs, and a squeeze of lemon — Turkey's beloved street food.

Pide

Often called "Turkish pizza," these boat-shaped flatbreads are filled with cheese, meat, or egg — each region has its own style.

Lokum

Turkish delight — soft, chewy confections in rose, pistachio, and pomegranate flavors, dusted in powdered sugar.

Fascinating Facts

Tulips originated in Turkey, not the Netherlands. The Ottoman Empire sent tulip bulbs to Europe in the 16th century, sparking "Tulip Mania."
Santa Claus was Turkish. St. Nicholas was born in Patara and served as bishop of Myra (modern Demre) in the 4th century.
Turkey has 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Troy, Göbekli Tepe (the world's oldest known temple, ~12,000 years old), and the historic areas of Istanbul.
Göbekli Tepe rewrote history. Discovered in 1994, this 12,000-year-old temple complex predates Stonehenge by 6,000 years and agriculture itself.
Turkey is the world's largest producer of hazelnuts, supplying about 70% of the global crop — the backbone of Nutella.
Cherry gets its name from Turkey. The word "cherry" derives from Giresun (ancient Cerasus), a Turkish city on the Black Sea coast.
Istanbul's Grand Bazaar attracts 91 million visitors annually, making it one of the most visited attractions on Earth.
Turkey is home to two of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus and the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.
The world's first coins were minted in Lydia (western Turkey) around 600 BCE, revolutionizing trade forever.
Turkey introduced coffee to Europe. Ottoman merchants brought coffee to Venice in the 1600s, changing Western culture permanently.

Türkiye by the Numbers

85M+
Population
19
UNESCO Sites
8,333
km of Coastline
81
Provinces
10,000+
Years of History
4
Surrounding Seas
8
Bordering Countries
~50M
Tourists per Year